直接引语
直接引语是与间接引语相对的语法概念。
引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人原句，这叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人话，且不能用引号，这是间接引语。
- 中文名称 直接引语
- 解释 讲述别人的原话，并放在引号里
- 属性 名词
- 用途 语言语法
例句
如小明说:"我是一个学生"
以直接引语表达则可以为"小明他说'我是一个学生'"
以间接引语表达则可以为"小明说他是一个学生"
英语中的直接引语与间接引语
扩展
1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
2、主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。
3、直接引语有明确表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。
4、若直接引语中含有could,must,should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变。
5、直接引述别人原话，叫直接引语。
6、用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。
引语四点变化
I.时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表:
直接引语 | 间接引语 |
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 |
过去完成时 | 过去完成时(不变) |
过去进行时 | 过去进行时(不变) |
can | could |
may | might |
must | must/ had to |
祈使句 | 不定式 |
如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to， had better, used to，must, need)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。
2时间状语，地点状语，指示代词、动词
直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词也要作相应的变动。
直接引语 | 间接引语 | |
时间状语 | now 现在 | then 那时;当时 |
时间状语 | today 今天 | that day 那天 |
时间状语 | tonight 今晚 | that night 那天晚上 |
时间状语 | this week 本周 | that week 上周 |
时间状语 | yesterday 昨天 | the day before前一天 |
时间状语 | the day before yesterday 前天 | two days before 前两天 |
时间状语 | three days ago三天以前 | three days before 前三天 |
时间状语 | last week 上周 | the week before前一周 |
时间状语 | tomorrow 明天 | the next day /the following day第二天 |
时间状语 | next week 下周 | the next week 第二个星期 |
时间状语 | next month下个月 | the following month第二个月 |
时间状语 | this morning这个早晨 | that morning那个早晨 |
时间状语 | ago/last以前/最后 | before之前 |
指示代词 | this 这 | that 那 |
指示代词 | these 这些 | those 那些 |
地点状语 | here 这里 | there 那里 |
动词 | come 来 | go 去 |
动词 | bring带来 | take带去 |
注:直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变;如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
II.如何变句型
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句、选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.
如:
He said, "Can you swim, John?"
→He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked.
→My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?"
→He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈
述句语序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"
→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell (ask) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
"Don't make any noise," she said to the children.
→She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.
→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用"suggest +动名词(或从句)。"如:
He said, "Let's go to the film."
→He suggested going to the film.
或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
⑥直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
⑦如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
He said to me, "I have taught English since he came here ."
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
III.人称变化
遵从一主二宾三不变
一主: 从句的第一人称随主句的主语变化。
eg: "I have bought an expensive car , " said the boss.→The boss said he had bought an expensive car.
二宾: 从句的第二人称随主句的宾语变化。
eg: I often tell him , "You are the luckiest boy I have ever seen . " → I often tell him he is the luckiest boy I have ever seen . "
三不变:从句的第三人称不需要变化。
IV.注意
在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
②主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。
③直接引语是一般现在时，且表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如:
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
④直接引语为谚语警句或名人名言时，时态不变。
⑤直接引语为客观事实真理，时态不变，常考的有:
Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
The moon goes around the earth.月球绕着地球转。