句子转换，就是通过扩展或减缩的方法对原句的整个结构或对某个成分进行变换，使变换后的句子和原句的语义基本等同。学习这种句子转换，不仅有助于理解和掌握句型的基本转换规律，而且有助于学会理解结构不同而意义相同的句子，以及用不同的句子结构来表达相同的意思，从而提高语言运用能力。

• 中文名称 句子转换
• 变换 通过扩展或减缩的方法
• 有助 理解和掌握句型的基本转换规律

　　转换类型

　　一、简单句和并列句的互换

　　简单句变为并列句

　　根据句子的含义将简单句中的一个短语扩展为一个分句，用and、but、or、so、for、therefore、 otherwise等并列连词连接，使之成为并列句。

　　a. 介词短语扩展为分句

　　1) 表示"时间"

　　--After working in the garden all day，I took a bath.

　　--I worked in the garden all day，and took a bath.

　　2) 表示"让步"

　　--In spite of his injured leg he won the race.

　　--His leg was injured but he won the race.

　　3) 表示"原因"

　　--Because of the bad weather we had to leave early.

　　--The weather was bad，so we had to leave early.

　　b. 不定式短语扩展为分句

　　1) 表示"目的"

　　--You must learn from other companies to achieve your aim.

　　--You must learn from other companies，or you will not achieve your aim.

　　2) 表示"结果"

　　--His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.

　　--His eyesight is very poor and so he cannot read such small letters.

　　c. 动词-ing形式扩展为分句

　　1) 表示"时间"和"行为方式"

　　--Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.

　　--They heard the news and jumped with joy.

　　--Humming a tune，she went into the bedroom.

　　--She hummed a tune，and went into the bedroom.

　　2) 表示"原因"

　　--Not knowing her address，we couldn't get in touch with her.

　　--We didn't know her address，so we couldn't get in touch with her.

　　d. 独立结构扩展为分句

　　独立结构表示"时间"或"原因"时，可扩展为分句。

　　--The shower being over，we continued to march.

　　--The shower was over，and we continued to march.

　　--So many members being absent，we decided to put the meeting off.

　　--So many members were absent，so we decided to put the meeting off.

　　并列句变为简单句

　　根据句子的含义，将并列句中的一个分句减缩为短语同时删去并列连词，使之成为简单句，并基本保持原句的逻辑关系。

　　a. 并列分句减缩为介词短语

　　1) 表示"时间"

　　--We stood in the queue for hours，and we got good seats.

　　--After standing in the queue for hours，we got good seats.

　　2) 表示"让步"

　　--He was seriously ill，but he came to the meeting.

　　--Despite his serious illness，he came to the meeting.

　　3) 表示"原因"

　　--There is fog at Heathrow，and therefore the plane has been diverted.

　　--Because of fog at Heathrow，the plane has been diverted.

　　b. 并列分句减缩为不定式

　　1) 表示"目的"

　　--We must be early or else we won't get a seat.

　　--We must be early to get a seat.

　　2) 表示"结果"

　　--The case was very heavy，so a child couldn't carry it.

　　--The case was too heavy for a child to carry.

　　c. 并列分句减缩为动词-ing形式

　　1) 表示"时间"和"行为方式"

　　--I washed the dishes and then I dried them.

　　--Having washed the dishes，I dried them.

　　--He held the rope with one hand and stretched out the other to the boy in the water.

　　--Holding the rope with one hand，he stretched out the other to the boy in the water.

　　2) 表示"原因"

　　--He heard an explosion，and therefore he phone the police.

　　--Having heard an explosion，he phoned the police.

　　d. 并列分句减缩为独立结构

　　1) 表示"时间"

　　--The homework was done，and the pupils felt greatly relieved.

　　--The homework done，the pupils felt greatly relieved.

　　2) 表示"原因"

　　--Her eyes were dimmed with tears，so she did not see him enter.

　　--Her eyes dimmed with tears，she did not see him enter.

　　二、简单句和复合句的互换

　　简单句扩展为复合句

　　简单句中的名词词组、介词词组、不定式短语、动词-ing形式、独立结构以及形容词短语等可以扩展为相应的从句，使之成为复合句，并基本上不改变原句的意义。

　　a. 扩展为名词从句

　　1)主语从句

　　--His study is very useful to you.(名词词组)

　　--What he is studying is very useful to you.

　　--It was a pity for them to refuse to modify the plan.(不定式短语)

　　--It was a pity that they refused to modify the plan.

　　--Mary's grumbling annoyed her husband.(动词-ing形式) (zhan)

　　--That Mary should grumble annoyed her husband.

　　2)主语补足语从句

　　--The question is the propriety of doing that. (名词词组)

　　--The question is whether it is proper to do that.

　　--My suggestion is to start work at once. (不定式短语)

　　--My suggestion is that we should start work at once.

　　--Her chief worry was her lacking in experience.(动词-ing形式) (zha)

　　--Her chief worry was that she lacked experience.

　　3)宾语从句

　　--No one can tell the time of his coming. (名词词组)

　　--No one can tell when he will come.

　　--I can't understand him leaving his wife.(动词-ing形式)

　　--I can't understand why he left his wife.

　　--I arranged for Tom to meet them.(不定式短语) (oxf)

　　--I arranged that Tom should meet them.

　　--He insisted on my staying there. (介词短语)

　　--He insisted that I should stay there.

　　b. 扩展为形容词从句

　　--Jane，a girl of a strong character，naturally couldn't bear the idea of lagging behind. (名词词组)

　　--Jane，who is a girl of a strong character，naturally couldn't bear the idea of lagging behind.

　　--She was the only one to survive the crash. (不定式短语)

　　--She was the only one who survived the crash.

　　--The road leading to the city is difficult to walk on. (动词-ing形式)

　　--The road which leads to the city is difficult to walk on.

　　c. 扩展为副词从句

　　1)表示"时间"

　　--He has lived here since his return from abroad.(介词短语)

　　--He has lived here since he returned from abroad.

　　--Hearing the sad news，we were very much grieved.(动词-ing形式)

　　--When we heard the sad news，we were very much grieved.

　　2)表示"原因"

　　--Being a student, he was naturally interested in museums.(动词-ing形式)

　　--Because he was a student，he was naturally interested in museums.

　　--Happy and contented，they worked with enthusiasm.(形容词短语)

　　--As they were happy and contented，they worked with enthusiam.

　　--I am sorry not to have answered your letter earlier.(不定式短语)

　　--I am sorry I haven't answered your letter earlier. (zha)

　　3) 表示"目的"

　　--The police stopped the traffic for me to get across the street. (不定式短语)

　　--The police stopped the traffic so that I could get across the street.

　　--He hurried back to school for fear of missing too many classes. (介词短语)

　　--He hurried back to school for fear that he should miss too many classes.

　　4) 表示"结果"

　　--He worked so well as to astonish every one of us. (不定式短语)

　　--He worked so well that he astonished every one of us.

　　5) 表示"让步"

　　--With all his profound knowledge，he is always modest.(介词短语)

　　--Although he has profound knowledge，he is always modest.

　　--Waking or sleeping，the subject is always in his mind. (zhan)

　　--Whether he was awake or asleep，the subject is always in his mind.

　　6) 表示"条件"

　　--Weather permitting，we shall go for an outing.(独立结构)

　　--If weather permits，we shall go for an outing.

　　--With more money，they would have moved to a bigger house.(介词短语)

　　--If they had had more money，they would have moved to a bigger house.

　　7) 表示"比较"

　　--The depth of the sea equals the height of the mountains. (名词词组)

　　--The sea is as deep as the mountains are high.

　　8) 表示"比例"

　　--The air becomes cooler in proportion to the height of the ground.(介词短语)

　　--The higher the ground is，the cooler the air becomes.

　　9) 表示"方式"

　　--She sings like a professional. (介词短语)

　　--She sings as a professional does.

　　复合句减缩为简单句

　　在不改变原句基本含义的情况下，为使语言简练，可把复合句中的从句减缩为名词词组、介词短语、不定式短语、动-ing形式、独立结构以及形容词短语等。其变换方式和简单句变换为复合句的方式刚好相反。

　　a. 减缩为名词词组

　　--What he spoke at the meeting was encouraging. (主语从句)

　　--His speech at the meeting was encouraging.

　　--That's why he disagrees with you about this. (主语补足语从句)

　　--That's his reason for disagreement with you about this.

　　--I don't know who owns the bike.(宾语从句)

　　--I don't know the owner of the bike.

　　b. 减缩为介词短语

　　--Our forces，who were now in control of all the bridgeheads，were ready to push eastward.(形容词从句)

　　--Our forces，now in control of all the bridgeheads，were ready to push eastward.

　　--After it has laid its eggs，the turtle returns to the sea. (副词从句)

　　--After laying its eggs，the turtle returns to the sea.

　　c. 减缩为不定式短语

　　--It is a pity that you did not arrive by daylight . (主语从句)

　　--It is a pity for you not to arrive by daylight.

　　--My idea is that we should stick to our original plan. (主语补足语从句)

　　--My idea is to stick to our original plan.

　　--They agreed that a statue should be put up. (宾语从句)

　　--They agreed to put up a statue.

　　--He wished to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. (形容词从句)

　　--He wished to write an article to attract public attention to the matter.

　　--They were so surprised they didn't try to stop him. (副词从句)

　　--They were so surprised as not to try to stop him.

　　d. 减缩为动词-ing形式

　　--He suggested that a reward should be offered. (宾语从句)

　　--He suggested offering a reward.

　　--We shall arrive too late to catch the train which leaves at eight. (形容词从句)

　　--We shall arrive too late to catch the train leaving at eight.

　　--If you work hard，you will succeed. (副词从句)

　　--Working hard，you will succeed.

　　e. 减缩为独立结构

　　--When the report had been read，a lively discussion began.(副词从句)

　　--The report having been read，a lively discussion began.

　　--If all the electricity were turned off，the world's transport and communication system would fall apart. (副词从句)

　　--With all the electricity being turned off，the world's transport and communication system would fall apart.

　　f. 减缩为形容词短语

　　--This is a question which is worthy of careful consideration. (形容词从句)

　　--This is a question worthy of careful consideration.

　　三、并列句和复合句的互换

　　并列句和复合句在一定条件下可以相互转换。表示复合句内容的并列句可转换成复合句;同样，表示并列句内容的复合句也可转换成并列句。

　　并列句和含有副词从句的复合句的互换

　　分句之间含有时间、让步、条件、原因、目的、结果等关系的并列句，常可转换成含有副词从句的复合句(a);同样，含有这类副词从句的复合句也可转换成并列句(b)。

　　a. Our work is done，and we will go home.

　　--When our work is done，we will go home.

　　--He was tired，but he offered to carry her.

　　--Tired as he was，he offered to carry her.

　　--Out of sight，out of mind.

　　--If someone is out of sight，he will soon pass out of mind.

　　--He did a good job，and he was praised by the principal.

　　--As he did a good job，he was praised by the principal.

　　--They were hurrying on the way;they wanted to catch the first train.

　　--They were hurrying on the way so that they could catch the first train.

　　--He was diligent，and he got full marks.

　　--He was so diligent that he got full marks.

　　b. Because he was beaten in the first round，he changed his tactics.

　　--He was beaten in the first round，and therefore he changed his tactics.

　　--Although the traffic held us up，we got to the airport on time.

　　--The traffic held us up，but we got to the airport on time.

　　并列句和含有形容词从句的复合句的互换

　　并列句的后一分句附带或补充说明前一分句的有关情况时，常可把后一分句变换成形容词从句 。

　　a. The boys are very diligent and active and they lived with us by the seaside last year.

　　--The boys who lived with us by the seaside last year are very diligent and active.

　　--In the reading room，there are a lot of reference books and most of them are very useful.

　　--In the reading room，there are a lot of reference books，most of which are very useful.

　　--I gave him no definite answer，and that made him angry.

　　--I gave him no definite answer，which made him angry.

　　b. He likes reading，which I am glad to hear.

　　--He likes reading，and I am glad to hear that.

　　--This note was left by Mr.Smith，who was here a few minutes ago.

　　--This note was left by Mr.Smith，and he was here a few minutes ago.

　　并列句和含有名词从句的复合句的转换

　　a. 并列句转换为复合句

　　--Mr. Harry should have objected to this plan，and it was surprising.

　　--It was surprising that Mr. Harry should have objected to this plan.

　　--The director is going to some place，but we don't know where.

　　--We don't know where the director is going.

　　b. 复合句转换为并列句

　　--It was out of question that Tom was in trouble.

　　--Tom was in trouble and it was out of question.