用途 许多在紫锥菊中植物化学物质是积极参与其作用:多糖、黄酮、咖啡酸的衍生物、精油、多炔、烷基胺(Alkylamides)和生物硷。人们已经知道多糖类可以激发身体的细胞去对抗感染。 获得的途径 可以从提炼物、酊剂、片剂、胶囊、药膏,而且稳定新鲜的提取物中得到。 建议用量 紫锥菊有免疫刺激作用减少发炎,而且帮助人体对抗细菌和病毒。实验证明紫锥菊刺激免疫系统细胞活动。当这些细胞有活性时,白血球更迅速把引起疾病的侵略者包围,使病毒或细菌死亡,防止他们繁殖,或仅仅停止他们的活动。 当许多人选择在冬天以每日的方式服用紫锥菊,帮助避免感冒和流感。另一方面,紫锥菊能减少感冒或流感的患病时间。如果你有风湿性关节炎,被类固醇基础抗炎药所困扰,紫锥菊可作为温和的镇痛剂减轻症状,并没有副作用。 对付一般的免疫系统刺激,如果患有感冒、上呼吸道感染或膀胱炎,选择下面的服用形式。一天三次: 1-2克乾的根,做成茶 2-3 毫升22%酒精浓缩物稀释为含2.4%β-1,2-呋喃果糖苷 200毫克精华粉含有6.5:1,或 3.5%紫锥菊苷 精华液 (1:1):1毫升-5毫升 酊剂 (1:5):1-3毫升 稳定的鲜提取物:75毫升 对付关节炎,每日服用15滴由一个受好评的厂家生产的标準化提取物 对付难痊癒创伤,希望涂抹护肤膏或药膏 注意事项 美国的草药产品协会给紫锥菊一级的安全等级。因此,只要你遵照医嘱或标籤上说明服用,你就比较安全。在德国,紫锥菊的持续使用期被限制到8个星期。如果要长期服用就要谘询医生。 紫锥菊很少会引起过敏反应。 当你口服紫锥菊的时候,你的舌头上会有强烈的麻木和刺痛感。这是正常并且很快会消失。 已经有一些皮疹和皮肤痒的病例报告,但是这是稀罕的。如果你有肺结核、白血球组织增生、糖尿病、複合硬化症、爱滋病或自身免疫系统疾病,不要服用紫锥菊。如果你正在怀孕,在服用紫锥菊之前谘询你的医生。 可能引起的不良反应 因 为紫锥菊可以影响你的免疫系统,如果你参加任何的免抑制疫力的治疗,不要服用这种草药。 参考文献 Berman S.Dramaticincrease in immune-mediated HIV killing activity induced by Echinacea angustifolia. Int Conf AIDS 12 (582). Abstract 32309. Blumenthal M, ed. The Complete German Commission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to HerbalMedicine. Boston, Mass: Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998. Braunig B, Dorn M, Knick E. Echinacea purpurea radix for strengthening the immune response in flu-like infections. Z Phytotherapie. 1992;13:7-13. Dorn M, Knick E, Lewith G. Placebo-controlled, double-blind study of Echinacea pallidae radix in upper respiratory tract infections. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 1997;5:40-42. Hobbs C. Echinacea: a literature review. Herbalgram 1994;30:33-47. Hobbs C. The Echinacea Handbook.Sandy, Ore: Eclectic Medical; 1989. Coeugniet E, Kuhnast R. Adjuvant immunotherapy with different formulations of echinacin [in German]. Therapiwoche. 1986;36:3352-3358. Hoheisel O, Sandberg M, Bertram S, Bulitta M, Schafer M. Echinagard treatment shortens the course of the common cold: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. European Journal of Clinical Research. 1997;9:261-269. Hyman R, Pankhurst R. Plants and Their Names: A Concise Dictionary. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1995. Mattocks AR. Chemistry and Toxicology of Pyrrolytic Alkaloids. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1986:chap12. McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A,eds. American Herbal Products Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press; 1996. Melchart D, Walther E, Linde K, Brandmaier R, Lersch C. Echinacea root extracts for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Arch Fam Med. 1998;7:541-545. Melchart D, Linde IK, Worku F, Sarkady L, Holzmann M, Jurcic K, et al. Results of Five Randomized Studies on the Immunomodulatory Activity of Preparations of Echinacea. J Alt Comp Med. 1995;1(2):145-160. Miller LG. Herbal medicinals:selectedclinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158(20):2200-2211. Murray MT. The Healing Power of Herbs: The Enlightened Person's Guide to the Wonders of Medicinal Plants. Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing; 1995. Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press; 1996. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler VE.RationalPhytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer; 1998. Snow JM. Echinacea. Protocol J Botanical Medicine. 1997;2:18-24. Thompson KD. Antiviral activity of Viracea against acyclovir susceptible and acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Res. 1998;39:55-61. Tyler VE. Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. Binghamton, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press; 1994. Verhoef MJ, Hagen N, Pelletier G, Forsyth P. Alternative therapy use in neurologic disease: use in brain tumor patients. Neurology 1999;52:617-622.